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The Field of Blood: The Battle for Aleppo and the Remaking of the Medieval Middle East
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Review
"The text is lit by vivid re-creations of battles as well as concise descriptions of each warring group's military tactics, training and equipment."―Wall Street Journal"Nicholas Morton masterfully brings this period alive--and delivers some pointed lessons for our own times--in his lively and compact historical survey.... History can be weaponized, as Morton points out, but, in the author's capable hands, it can also be used to illuminate and defuse."―Washington Independent Review of Books"Through a lean, fast-paced prose line, he distills a large amount of background context into a smooth reading experience. A particular strength of the book is the multifaceted look it gives readers at the polyglot Turkish forces involved and the fractious internal sultanate politics that frequently derailed Turkish progress against the western invasion."―The National"Recommended for bringing multiple perspectives and a sense of immediacy to this historic period and for better understanding how the battle for the Syrian city of Aleppo existed in the 12th century as well as today."―Library Journal"A riveting account of a battle that changed the course of the Crusades. Nicholas Morton captures the intensity, importance, and aftermath of the confrontation to produce a sparkling history of one of the key turning-points of the Middle Ages." ―Peter Frankopan, author of The Silk Roads: A New History of the World"More than just a chronicle of a battle, this book sheds revealing light on the First Crusade and its aftermath, disposing of myths, and laying bare the high stakes that drove men on all sides of the conflict." ―Thomas Madden, author of Istanbul: City of Majesty at the Crossroads of the World"Morton's analysis is meticulous, his knowledge of the politics and military practices of the medieval world formidable, and his ability to understand these events from multiple perspectives--Turkish, French, Arab, Armenian, among others--wholly remarkable." ―Jay Rubenstein, author of Armies of Heaven: The First Crusade and the Quest for Apocalypse
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About the Author
Nicholas Morton is a senior lecturer at Nottingham Trent University. The author or editor of five books, Morton lives in Nottinghamshire, United Kingdom.
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Product details
Hardcover: 256 pages
Publisher: Basic Books; 1st Edition edition (February 20, 2018)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0465096697
ISBN-13: 978-0465096695
Product Dimensions:
6.2 x 1 x 9.6 inches
Shipping Weight: 15.5 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review:
4.6 out of 5 stars
3 customer reviews
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#905,373 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
Nicholas Morton has written a very readable, fast-paced book on, essentially, the politics of the middle east at the time of the First Crusade and its aftermath. His basic argument is that for the Crusader States to have survived long-term they would have had to take over at least one of the three major regional cities: Aleppo, Damascus, or Cairo.When the Franks (“crusader†was a term developed much later) arrived in the middle east their primary goal was the capture of Jerusalem. Morton argues this was not a simplistic religious war as we believe today, but one in which the invaders goals were limited. Take Jerusalem and create a sustainable state, or states in this case, that could protect it. He argues that the Turkish rulers on the Islamic side were nominally Muslim and they still had many practices rooted in their Shamanistic religion of the steppes. If anything, the ruling elite was in a period of religious transition. From the beginning both sides were more than willing to work with and even ally with each other to attain limited goals.Just as the Crusader states themselves suffered from internal political turmoil, the Islamic states had similar problems. To start with the Islamic side included three major ethnic groups (Turk, Arab, and Kurd), two of which didn’t trust each other, and often fought – Turk vs. Arab. (And we haven’t even started talking about the Fatimid state (Shi’a) of Egypt vs the Sunni areas of Damascus, Mosul, and Baghdad). This ethnic issue was compounded by wars of succession, much like Europe at the time, where rival claimants to “thrones†routinely fought each other for control. In this environment the Arabs and Turkish rulers were more than willing to ally with the Franks to achieve their goals.On their part, the Franks were able to exploit this turmoil to expand and secure their newly formed states. The first part of the book focuses on the Principality of Antioch and its expansion to the east in a long-term attempt to take Aleppo. Moron believes that Antioch’s failure to take Aleppo and a long-term impact on the Crusader States future strength and diplomacy when it came to Damascus, Cairo, and their ultimate loss to Saladin who was able to unite those three major cities into one entity.The bottom line is that Morton sees the destruction of the Antiochian army at the Battle of the Field of Blood as the high-water point of the Franks power, and their possibility of creating a long-term political structure in the region. Morton goes on to outline the failed Crusaders attempts to take Damascus and Cairo within the political context of all sides so it becomes easy to see that much of the success and failure for all revolved around the fluid politics of the region.All in all, an excellent book. Although it comes in at just over 200 pages, it does a good job of providing an interesting perspective on the diplomacy and politics of all involved and the key alliances and battles fought throughout the period. The Field of Blood is not meant to compete with larger, more detailed works by Christopher Tyerman or Steven Runciman, but it does a good job of concisely putting the Crusades into their regional political and diplomatic context particularly during the First Crusade.
This is a detailed history, focusing on the battle that stalled advance of the first crusade and set the stage for decline and expulsion of crusaders from the Middle east. It covers establishment of the four crusader kingdoms of Edessa, Antioch, Tripoli and, most significant, Jerusalem. It's good on the political goals of leaders Baldwin, Bohemund, etc., who became kings. Motivations include indulgences for remission of sins established by Urban II. Motivations were not entirely religious on either side as shifting alliances included cooperation between Christians and Muslims. Arab emirs were generally fearful of Turk power.After Aleppo became an achievable goal crusader attention shifted towards Damascus and Cairo besides the main prize of Jerusalem. The book is good on divisions and alliances among inhabitants Turks, Arabs, Kurds, Armenians, Fatamids as well as crusaders and Byzantines.Morton goes on to cover failure of the second crusade. An afterword features Saladin, culminating in the battle of Hattin in 1187 the major crusader defeat before the final expulsion by the Mamluks after the siege of Acre in 1291.There is a not very convincing comparison to today's Islamic warfare in Syria that also features Aleppo. That the past informs the present is not to be overdone.
Nicholas Morton’s book is highly recommended.The academic world doesn’t need another general history of the crusades nor another book on Richard the Lionheart.Similarly, medieval historians are spoilt with a dizzying selection of books on the battles of Hastings, Agincourt & Bannockburn.Curiously though there are few books dedicated to a twelfth century crusader battle.It is therefore so pleasing to see Nicholas Morton’s volume on a battle of the crusades.Dr Morton has set himself a formidable task as the battle of the Field of Blood occurred during one of the most complex times in crusader history.However, this book is so much more than a military narrative of a battle, but necessarily explains the events leading up to the battle and the consequent fallout. The book covers the period from AD 1110 to 1128, with the Field of Blood, AD 1119, being the deciding, pivotal eventThe story centres on two cities: Aleppo, held by the Muslims & Antioch, held by the crusaders.These two cities were only about ninety miles apart.It is a story of a long war between these two cities for control of the territory, castles and towns between them.It is shaped and decided by political unification: By AD 1110 the crusaders united whilst the Muslims were divided. As a consequence, the crusaders in Antioch had captured the castles & land up to Aleppo, some only 25km from the city.The crusaders could in all likelihood have conquered Aleppo but didn’t. Instead they preferred to reduce Aleppo to an almost protectorate, exact tribute payments & concessions.Morton argues that this was a mistake.By AD 1119 the pressure on Aleppo from the crusaders was almost unbearable & so they decided to fight back by enlisting a great Muslim general who defeated the crusaders at the Field of Blood.The crusaders missed their opportunity of capturing a major Muslim centre of power and from AD 1124 Aleppo would be united with other Muslim power centres and so there was little chance of it being conquered.Morton argues that such missed opportunities would be repeated by the crusaders, particularly against Damascus during the Second Crusade and against Cairo in the late 1160’s.Whilst these three missed opportunities have their own specific political and strategic circumstances, Morton sees a common trend of failing to capture Muslim power centres when presented.Morton doesn’t only address the broader canvas of this period but also the finer detail. For example, why did the crusader general lose the Field of Blood, when only four years before, in the same vicinity, he annihilated the Muslims in battle? What was different, what changed? Morton explains the tactics and decisions which resulted in the outcomes of the two battles.Nicholas Morton has provided a much needed study on a complicated but crucial period in crusade history.
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